We analysed 700 examples of children's mathematics from 3 - 8 years. This enabled us to trace the development of children's own mathematical graphics and their mathematical thinking. Based on in-depth analysis, we have developed a taxonomy of children's mathematical marks and calculations.

The first section of the taxonomy focuses on children's written number
The second traces the development of children's early 'written' calculations

Understanding children's development can help you support their learning and assess what they do. This is the first time that children's mathematical development - from their earliest marks through to written calculations with larger numbers - has been analysed.